NOTORIOS GRADUADOS DE LA ESCUELA DE ASESINOS PERUANOS QUE FUNCIONA EN GEORGIA, U.S.A.

Notorious Graduates from Peru
Luis Miguel Aparicio Manrique, 1971, Internal Security Operations CC-6Accused of drug trafficking: A Congressional Working Group on Chemical Substances, led by Congressman Julio Castro, recommended the investigation of accusations linking Aparicio Manrique and other military officials to drug trafficking. The accusations were made by members of the press and by other military officials. (Informe del Grupode Trabajo Sobre Insumos Quimicos del Congreso)GEN Ismael Araujo, 1962, Military Intelligence OfficerLurigancho Prison Massacre, 1986: Accused of involvement in this prison massacre in which more than 120 people were killed, the majority of whom had already surrendered. (Americas Watch Report: Una Guerra Desesperada)COL Eduardo Arbulu Gonzales, 1969, Cadet OrietationAccused of drug trafficking: A Congressional Working Group on Chemical Substances, led by Congressman Julio Castro, recommended the investigation of accusations linking Arbulu Gonzales and other military officials to drug trafficking. The accusations were made by members of the press and by other military officials (Informe del Grupo de TrabajoSobre Insumos Quimicos del Congreso)COL Mario Arbulu Seminario, 1965, Cadet OrientationAccused of drug trafficking: A Congressional Working Group on Chemical Substances, led by Congressman Julio Castro, recommended the investigation of accusations linking Arbulu Seminario and other military officials to drug trafficking. The accusations were made by members of the press and by other military officials (Informe del Grupo de TrabajoSobre Insumos Quimicos del Congreso)MAJ Teodoro Barrera Diaz, 1972, Internal Security Operations CC-6Accused of drug trafficking: A Congressional Working Group on Chemical Substances, led by Congressman Julio Castro, recommended the investigation of accusations linking Barrera Diaz and other military officials to drug trafficking. The accusations were made by members of the press and by other military officials (Informe del Grupo de TrabajoSobre Insumos Quimicos del Congreso)COL Oscar Bernuy Alarcon, 1969, Cadet OrientationAccused of drug trafficking: A Congressional Working Group on Chemical Substances, led by Congressman Julio Castro, recommended the investigation of accusations linking Bernuy Alarcon and other military officials to drug trafficking. The accusations were made by members of the press and by other military officials (Informe del Grupo de Trabajo Sobre Insumos Quimicos del Congreso)LTC Carlos Delgado Medina, 1965, Cadet OrientationAccomarca massacre, 1985: Planned the operation that resulted in the massacre of 69 civilians in Accomarcho. (Americas Watch Report: Human Rights in Peru After President Garcia’s First Year, 1986)GEN Manuel Delgado Rojas, 1966, Parachute RiggerSupports paramilitary groups, 1990: Gen. Delgado publicly praised the activities of a paramilitary groups that had forcibly occupied a village and assassinated local leaders. (Americas Watch Report: Una GuerraDesesperada)CPT Rafael Franco de la Cuba, 1980, Orientaci?n de Armas para CadetesAccused of drug trafficking: A Congressional Working Group on Chemical Substances, led by Congressman Julio Castro, recommended the investigation of accusations linking Franco de la Cuba and othermilitary officials to drug trafficking. The accusations were made by members of the press and by other military officials (Informe del Grupode Trabajo Sobre Insumos Quimicos del Congreso)Maj Eliseo Gonzales Chavez, 1974, Basic Combat and CounterinsurgencyDrug-trafficking: Co-defendant in a 1994 case in which he was accused of drug-trafficking, money laundering, and corruption. (Expreso 5/25/94;El Comercial; Caretas 1428, 8/22/96)CDR Manuel Guzm?n, 1976, Commando Operations"La Cantuta" murders, 1992: Guzm?n carried out the kidnapping of nine university students and a professor, and delivered the prisoners to a Special Operations team commanded by MAJ Martin Rivas (below). (Americas Watch Report: Anatomy of a Cover-up: The Disappearances at La Canuta,1993)

GEN Nicol?s de Bari Hermoza R?os, 1976, Command and General StaffCollege"La Cantuta" murders, 1992: As Commander of the Peruvian Army, Hermoza refused to let the Peruvian Congress question officers involved in the "La Cantuta" disappearance and murder of 9 university students and a professor. He also issued public threats against the commission investigating the caseand paraded tanks through the streets of Lima to back up his words.Later, a top governmental security adviser claimed Hermoza was himself involved in the formation of the death squad that carried out the murders. (Americas Watch Report: Anatomy of a Cover-up: The Disappearances at La Canuta, 1993)

CPT Telmo Hurtado, 1982, Cadet Arms OrientationAccomarca Massacre, 1985: On August 14, 1985, Hurtado participated in an army massacre of 69 campesinos (including six children) in Accomarca, Ayacucho. Only Hurtado, at that time a lieutenant and the most junior officer involved, was convicted, although eyewitness testimony linked five officers to themassacre. Hurtado was sentenced to 6 years in prison for "abuse of authority." But a US State Department report released in February of 1994 says Hurtado is free and has returned to active duty, a testament to the impunity enjoyed by most of the Peruvian military. Americas Watch reports he has since been promoted to captain. (Americas Watch Report: Untold Terror: Violence Against Women in Peru’s Armed Conflict, 1992; Latinamerica Press, 1/24/94)CPT Luis Landivar Gutierrez, 1980, Orientaci?n de Armas para CadetesAccused of drug trafficking: A Congressional Working Group on Chemical Substances, led by Congressman Julio Castro, recommended the investigation of accusations linking Landivar Gutierrez and other military officials to drug trafficking. The accusations were made by members of the press and by other military officials (Informe del Grupo de Trabajo Sobre Insumos Quimicos del Congreso)CPT Hector Lazo, 1973, o-20Obstruction of Justice, 1984: Cpt. Lazo was charged by the General Secretary of the Public Ministry with obstructing the investigation of mass graves in Huanta (Americas Watch Report: Abdicating Democratic Authority: Human Rights in Peru, 1984)MAJ Santiago Martin Rivas, 1977, Cadet Orientation Course"La Cantuta" murders, 1992: Sentenced to 20 years on February 22, 1994, for the 1992 kidnapping and murder of nine university students and a professor. Martin Rivas was in charge of "The Colina." a unit comprised of soldiers with murder or assault raps - in exchange for clearing their records, the soldiers performed clandestine, illegal operations such as disappearances and extrajudicial executions. (Americas Watch Report:Anatomy of a Cover-up: The Disappearances at La Canuta, 1993; Nicaragua Solidarity Network of Greater New York Weekly News Update on the Americas, 2/27/94)MAJ Jos? Mayor Vasquez, 1975, Cadet Bombat Arms and CombatSummary execution of nine persons, 1993: In March 1993, a military patrol in La Libertad department forced nine prisoners into an abandoned mine. The mine was later blown up with dynamite. The army later informed that Maj. Mayor Vasquez had been detained for the crime.(Americas Watch Report: The Human Rights Situation in Peru, 1993)Juan Miranda Rocha, 1970 CC-1Accused of drug trafficking: A Congressional Working Group on Chemical Substances, led by Congressman Julio Castro, recommended the investigation of accusations linking Miranda Rocha and other military officials to drug trafficking. The accusations were made by members of the press and by other military officials (Informe del Grupo de TrabajoSobre Insumos Quimicos del Congreso)Vladimiro Lenin Montesinos Torres, 1965, Cadet Course"La Cantuta" murders, 1992; death squad leader, torturer: It is believed that Montesinos runs the death squad known as the "Colina" squad, which is a part of Peru's National Intelligence Service (SIN),and is probably responsible for the La Cantuta disappearance of nine university students and a professor on July 18, 1992. Nominally, Montesinos is President Fujimori's advisor to the National Intelligence Service -- in fact, most agree he is the spy organization's chief. One report describes him as Fujimori's "most trusted counselor." (Americas Watch Report: Anatomy of a Cover-up: The Disappearances at La Canuta, 1993) Four officers tortured after plotting a coup against Fujimori in November 1992 state that Montesinos took an active part in torturing them. (Americas Watch Report: Human Rights in Peru: One Year After Fujimori’s Coup, 1993)MAJ (Ret) Luis Angel Morales Cespedes, 1976, Officer Cadet CourseHe ordered his subordinates to murder a civilian and hide hisbody. Subsequently sentenced to 15 years in prison. (Americas Watch Report: Untold Terror: Violence Against Women in Peru’s Armed Conflict, 1992)GEN Wilfredo Mori, 1972 Internal Security OperationsAccomarca Massacre, 1985: Gen. Mori approved the operation that resulted in the massacre of 69 civilians in Accomarca. He was forced into early retirement as a result of this incident. (Americas Watch Report: Human Rights in Peru After President Garcia’s First Year, 1986)MAJ Alejandro Mu?ante Salazar, 1976, B?sico de Orientaci?n paraOficialesDrug-trafficking: Co-defendant in a 1994 case in which he was accused of drug-trafficking, money laundering, and corruption. (Expreso 5/25/94; El Comercial; Caretas 1428, 8/22/96)TCL Miguel Najar Acosta, 1974, Basic Combat and CounterinsurgencyLinked to drug trafficking: Sentenced to 12 years for permitting the illegal release of drug terrorist Walter Shupinahue as well as allowing the transportation of drugs on the Marginal Highway (Gesti?n, 2/27/96)CPT Jorge Olivera Silva, 1980, Orientaci?n de Armas para CadetesAccused of drug trafficking: A Congressional Working Group on Chemical Substances, led by Congressman Julio Castro, recommended the investigation of accusations linking Olivera Silva and other military officials to drug trafficking. The accusations were made by members of the press and by other military officials (Informe del Grupo de TrabajoSobre Insumos Quimicos del Congreso)1LT Guillermo Paz Bustamante, 1982, Cadet Arms OrientationAccomarca Massacre, 1985: On August 14, 1985, Paz Bustamenteparticipated in an army massacre of 69 campesinos (including sixchildren) in Accomarca, Ayacucho. Paz Bustamante was charged only with failing to report the deaths of two peasants during the massacre. The military chose not to convict him, however, on the grounds that he "lacked time. was tired and was experiencing a very tense situation."(Americas Watch Report: Untold Terror: Violence Against Women in Peru’s Armed Conflict, 1992)Victor Penas Sandoval, 1980, Orientaci?n de Armas para CadetesAccused of drug trafficking: A Congressional Working Group on Chemical Substances, led by Congressman Julio Castro, recommended theinvestigation of accusations linking Penas Sandoval and other military officials to drug trafficking. The accusations were made by members of the press and by other military officials (Informe del Grupo de TrabajoSobre Insumos Quimicos del Congreso)MAJ Carlos Pichilingue Guevara, 1980, Cadet Orientation Course"La Cantuta" murders, 1992 (convicted): Sentenced to 20 years onFebruary 22, 1994, for the 1992 kidnapping and murder of nine university students and a professor. Pichilingue, with Martin Rivas (above) was one of the leaders of the operation. (Americas Watch Report: Anatomy of a Cover-up: The Disappearances at La Canuta, 1993)GEN Jorge Rabanal, 1964, Jungle OperationsLurigancho Prison Massacre, 1986: Gen. Rabanal commanded an operation in which 120 prison inmates were executed. He was found guilty in a civilian court, though a military court later reversed the decision.(Americas Watch Report: Desperate Straights: Human Rights in Peru After a Decade of Democracy and Insurgency, 1990)GEN Juan Rivero Lazo, 1963, Cadet Orientation Course"La Cantuta" murders, 1992 (convicted): Former head of Peru's Army Directorate of Intelligence (DINTE), sentenced to five years in prison on February 22, 1994 for the 1992 kidnapping and murder of nine university students and a professor from the Enrique Guzm?n y Valle University in Lima (La Cantuta). (Nicaragua Solidarity Network of Greater New York Weekly News Update on the Americas, 2/27/94) He was the highest ranking of the five SOA graduates to be sentenced for the murders.MAJ Ciro Sime Carranza, 1980, Orientaci?n de Armas para CadetesAccused of drug trafficking: A Congressional Working Group on Chemical Substances, led by Congressman Julio Castro, recommended the investigation of accusations linking Sime Carranza and other military officials to drug trafficking. The accusations were made by members of the press and by other military officials (Informe del Grupo de Trabajo Sobre Insumos Quimicos del Congreso)Victor Taboada Hoyos, 1976, B?sico de Orientaci?n para OficialesAccused of drug trafficking: A Congressional Working Group on ChemicalSubstances, led by Congressman Julio Castro, recommended theinvestigation of accusations linking Taboada Hoyos and other militaryofficials to drug trafficking. The accusations were made by members ofthe press and by other military officials (Informe del Grupo de TrabajoSobre Insumos Quimicos del Congreso)GEN Jos? Valdivia Duenas, 1962, Communications OfficerCayara Massacre, 1988: On May 14, 1988, army soldiers under ValdiviaDuenas' command killed (with gunshot, bayonets, and farming tools)between 28 and 31 male residents of the hamlet Cayara. Returning fourdays later, the soldiers arrested many villagers, dozens of whomdisappeared (only 3 bodies were recovered). Duenas was subsequentlypromoted. (Americas Watch Report: Peru Under Fires: Human Rights Sincethe Return to Democracy, 1992)GEN Juan Velasco Alvarado, 1945, GS FunctionsDictator, 1968-75: Achieved power by overthrowing elected civiliangovernment. (The Washington Post, 5/19/94)CPT Oswaldo Zapata Corrales, 1983, Opera/Combate para Cadetes C-5Drug-trafficking: Co-defendant in a 1994 case in which he was accusedof drug-trafficking, money laundering, and corruption. (Expreso 5/25/94;El Comercial; Caretas 1428, 8/22/96)

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